Art Nouveau
Art nouveau is a french term for 'New Art", and officially emerged as a full-blown phenomenon at 1900 World's Fair in Paris, where it was established as the first new decorative style of the twentieth century. The goal was to create an international style of design. Like the Arts and Crafts movement, fluid organic shapes heavily influenced it. And also like the Arts and Crafts Movement, it was a response to the Industrial Revolution. Art Nouveau's fifteen-year peak was most strongly felt throughout Europe—from Glasgow to Moscow to Spain—but its influence was global.
Two-dimensional Art Nouveau pieces were painted, drawn, and printed in popular forms such as advertisements, posters, labels, magazines, and the like. Japanese wood-block prints, with their curved lines, patterned surfaces, contrasting voids, and flatness of visual plane, also inspired Art Nouveau. Some line and curve patterns became graphic clichés that were later found in works of artists from all parts of the world.
Art Nouveau designers believed that all the arts should work in harmony to create a "total work of art," or Gesamtkunstwerk. Nature designers. Motifs from the natural world were the basis for most of their work.
In Britain the style was exemplified by design work of the Macdonald sisters and in Germany, the movement split between the decorative tendencies of Otto Eckman (1865-1902) and the Panmagazine, and the streamlined design of Behrens.
Links
http://www.cubanxgiants.com/berry/300/documents/graphicdesign1.pdf
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/artnouveau.html
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/art_nouveau.html
http://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/exhibit_intro.shtm
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